0 Iphaneli yelanga isebenza njengesixhobo esiguqula ukukhanya kwelanga kube ngumbane ngeeseli ze-photovoltaic (PV), ezakhiwe ngemathiriyeli evelisa ii-electron zamandla ekutyhilekeni kokukhanya. Ezi electron zihamba ngesekethe, zenza umbane othe ngqo wangoku (DC), onokusetyenziswa kwizixhobo zombane okanye ogcinwe kwiibhetri. Iiphaneli zelanga, ezikwabizwa ngokuba ziipaneli zeeseli zelanga, iipaneli zombane zelanga, okanye iimodyuli zePV, zisebenzise le nkqubo.
Ezi panels ngokuqhelekileyo zenza ii-arrays okanye iinkqubo, ezenza inkqubo ye-photovoltaic equka iipaneli zelanga enye okanye ngaphezulu, kunye ne-inverter eguqulela umbane we-DC kwi-alternating current (AC). Amalungu awongezelelweyo afana nabalawuli, iimitha, kunye nabalandeleli banokuba yinxalenye yolu cwangciso. Iinkqubo ezinjalo zisebenza ngeenjongo ezahlukeneyo, ukubonelela ngombane kwizicelo ze-off-grid kwiindawo ezikude okanye ukondla umbane ogqithisileyo kwigridi, ukuvumela iikhredithi okanye iintlawulo ezivela kwiinkampani eziluncedo-ilungiselelo elibizwa ngokuba yi-grid-connected photovoltaic system.
Izibonelelo zeepaneli zelanga ziquka ukusebenzisa imithombo yamandla ehlaziyekayo necocekileyo, ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi yegreenhouse, kunye nokunqanda amatyala ombane. Nangona kunjalo, imiqobo ibandakanya ukuxhomekeka ekufumanekeni kokukhanya kwelanga, ukufunwa kococwa ngamaxesha athile, kunye neendleko ezinkulu zokuqala. Isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kuzo zonke iindawo zokuhlala, zorhwebo, kunye nezoshishino, iipaneli zelanga nazo zibalulekile kwindawo kunye nezicelo zokuhamba.